Christmas octave observed with special feasts and liturgical changes
The Catholic Church observes the Christmas season in several ways, with one of the main traditions being the Christmas octave. This is an eight-day period that begins on December 25, the feast of the Nativity of the Lord, and ends on January 1, which is celebrated as the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God.
During this time, there are specific changes to liturgical practices. Clergy typically wear white vestments during Mass throughout these eight days. However, red vestments are worn on certain days to signify martyrdom: specifically on December 26 for St. Stephen and December 28 for the feast of the Holy Innocents.
St. Stephen is recognized as a deacon and considered the first Christian martyr after Jesus’ resurrection. According to the Book of Acts, he was killed for preaching that Christ fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. Saul, who later became St. Paul, witnessed his death. The Holy Innocents are also regarded as martyrs; they were children killed by King Herod in his attempt to eliminate Jesus by ordering all boys under two years old to be slain.
On December 27, the Church commemorates St. John, known as Jesus’ “beloved disciple.” He is credited with writing the Gospel of John and three letters in the New Testament. Many also attribute authorship of the Book of Revelation to him.
The feast of the Holy Family usually takes place on the Sunday following Christmas and highlights events such as Jesus, Mary, and Joseph’s flight into Egypt.
January 1 marks a special focus on Mary’s role in Christianity through her title “Theotokos,” meaning “God-bearer.” The Church teaches that because Jesus is both fully divine and fully human, Mary can truly be called Mother of God.
The Christmas octave often coincides with a period when many people take time off from work or school to rest and spend time with family. Attending daily Mass and reflecting on its readings is suggested as a meaningful way to observe this period.
